Environmental / Green design

What is Environmental / Green design?

It is the ever growing awareness of the general society to look after their environment in which they live in as a whole.

People started to take notice of the environmental issue after WWII and it has increased in attention ever since. As time progressed people thought of more innovative ways of helping from Law enforcements against littering and educating children about the importance of a healthy planet by following the 3 R’s (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle).

From a design perspective a lot had changed from modernism, post modernism and contemporary. Back in the 60’s and 70’s materials were plentiful and discarding of the product after use wasn’t a problem this became a bigger problem later one when in the 80’s and 90’s we became dependant on quick easy to used disposable items for our day to day living, this is called  planned obsolescence.

Leyla Acaroglu – paper beats plastic? How to rethink environmental presentation

Leyla Acaroglu – paper beats plastic? How to rethink environmental presentation

 

These days we are greatly trying to reduce our carbon footprint on the world from every aspect of a products life. Products are using materials that are not a heavy burden on the environments to extract and process later as a raw material.

During the manufacturing process care and pride is being created by using low energy cost production methods that do not leave any or a few negative effects on the environment.

Even their destitution and transport is being monitored and more combined shipments on low emissions vehicles are being done on roads across the world.

We are all familiar now with energy efficiency ratings on products, when this system was introduced A was considered the best a product can get but trough research and testing better energy efficient products were created forcing the system to adopt A+,  A++ and A+++ to the list, this is only applicable on products that make use of main outlet electricity (240V in Europe).

Before industrialization and mass consumerism any resources available were used and used with minimal or no waste but with today’s throw away community all that used resource is being wasted in  landfills with a small portion of the products such as plastic are being completely recycled.

Green designers are now adopting a new way of looking at a products life from extraction to disposal by using a system called cradle to cradle design or product closed loop system.

Leyla Acaroglu – paper beats plastic? How to rethink environmental presentation

Leyla Acaroglu – paper beats plastic? How to rethink environmental presentation

 

This system would not for the majority of the production depends on the extraction of new materials but would make use of components broken down from older products. This means that products are made from concept to realization with how the product will be fully recycled in mind all the way trough development.

 

Compressed wood filings chair

Compressed wood filings chair

 

 

This chair is made from unwanted wood filings that have been compressed and glued together in a mould to create a chair much like chip board is done. The chair can be used like a regular chair with the soul advantage that it can be broken up into its key components and moulded into some other product without producing any waste to do so. This is what a closed loop systems are meant to do in society, produce no waste.

 

In my opinion we do not have a choice but to adopt these eco friendly ideals in order to prevent our planet from going into a runaway greenhouse effect that would spell the end of the human race as we know it. In addition having a clean environment in which to live in is crucial for a healthy well being. I admire and highly respect this contemporary style of design and one of my goals in life is to someday build an earth-ship that is fully self sustaining built using a form of architecture known as bio-architecture.

 

 

Bibliography:

Guy Julier, 1993. The Thames and Hudson Encyclopedia of 20th Century Design and Designers (World of Art). Edition. Thames & Hudson.
5 Coolest eco friendly chair designs | Green Diary – Green Revolution Guide by Dr Prem. 2015. 5 Coolest eco friendly chair designs | Green Diary – Green Revolution Guide by Dr Prem. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.greendiary.com/5-coolest-eco-friendly-chair-designs.html. [Accessed 18 February 2015].
eco friendly furniture manufacturers. 2015. eco friendly furniture manufacturers. [ONLINE] Available at: http://livinghomedesigns.com/the-kind-of-eco-friendly-furniture/eco-friendly-furniture-manufacturers/. [Accessed 18 February 2015].
Planned obsolescence – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015. Planned obsolescence – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_obsolescence. [Accessed 18 February 2015].
Leyla Acaroglu: Paper beats plastic? How to rethink environmental folklore – YouTube. 2015. Leyla Acaroglu: Paper beats plastic? How to rethink environmental folklore – YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L4B-Vpvx1A&list=PLT9SNo7sZaLfsKJ-OkM-RR5am3qqyyrss. [Accessed 18 February 2015].

Modernism

Started from 1918 and ended in 1950.

Modernism although being classed as an artistic style it is more a methodology in which artists and designers thinks about their surroundings and get their inspirations from. Modernists wanted to change the war stricken society and create helpful designs that cater better to their needs. It is during this period that the notion that ‘form follows function’ was born. Modernism was applied to all forms of creative expression from design to music to even cooking, this is when dishes were being prepared for not just their taste but even their nutritional contents that were needed the consumer.
Modernism was the father of all the movements ending in ‘ism’ such as Cubism, constructivism, Dadaism and many more.  Modernist’s designers embraced the new materials that were improved extensively by WWI researchers. They build tubular steel furniture, glass and steel framed buildings and other uses of materials in products that were previously unconceivable.

Creating simplistic practical items was thought to help improve the general society. As one of the greatest Modernism designers once said “Less is more” by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

 

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

 

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe is most well know as being the last headmaster of the Bauhaus school of arts before settling in the United States. Mies van der Rohe had a love for cantilever design and designed a great number of cantilevering seating such as the stool and the picture he is seen in. As a participant knowingly or not of the modernist movement he sought to create things the consumer market has never seen before and that is exactly what he did. He had the right mind set to be a modernist which was that of a holistic view of the world, were they are able to pick out details most people don’t pick up on and develop them into innovative and simple work with a lot of thought behind them. ‘Less is more’ in its finest examples.

 

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe cantilever stool

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe cantilever stool

 

We still make use of the lessons learned from these periods in human development to this very day from the kitchen to the design board. In my opinion this collective period that is the modernists movement was a crucial one that developed and moulded the society we have today. I always keep in mind to keep an open mind when designing a product from concept to realization, the simplest of answerers can come from the most unexpected of sources.

 

 

Bibliography:

Guy Julier, 1993. The Thames and Hudson Encyclopedia of 20th Century Design and Designers (World of Art). Edition. Thames & Hudson.
Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig: Furniture Design , 1910-1920 | The Red List. 2015. Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig: Furniture Design , 1910-1920 | The Red List. [ONLINE] Available at: http://theredlist.com/wiki-2-18-392-1335-1341-1343-view-german-bauhaus-1-profile-mies-van-der-rohe-ludwig-2.html. [Accessed 17 February 2015].
. 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.knoll.com/media/579/455/mies_featured400x700,0.jpg. [Accessed 17 February 2015].
Modernism: Design in a Nutshell (4/6) – YouTube. 2015. Modernism: Design in a Nutshell (4/6) – YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDCEtnXlA4Y. [Accessed 17 February 2015].
BBC – Homes – Design – Arts and Crafts period styleArts and Crafts period styleModernism. 2015. BBC – Homes – Design – Arts and Crafts period styleArts and Crafts period styleModernism. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.bbc.co.uk/homes/design/period_modernism.shtml. [Accessed 17 February 2015].

Arts and Crafts movement

The arts and crafts movement wasn’t a new idea starting in 1863  but properly announced to the world in 1888 by a workers guild exhibition in London were all the participants called themselves the arts and crafts society which is where the movements gets its name from.

Arts_and_Crafts_Furniture

The Arts & Crafts Society

 

 

 

It is during this exhibition that the arts and craft society made their notions clear to the public that they are fed up of seeing mass produced products that came about due to the industrial revolution replacing the fine and well crafted products that us to be made prior.  The arts and crafts movement encouraged designers to explore and experiment with new materials to create new interesting innovations in the market. The majority of the society was not against the industrial revolution but they only wished it was controlled and mastered to create better quality things that could be available to the masses.

As William Morris once said “We do not reject the machine, we welcome it. But we would desire to see it mastered.”

William Morris

William Morris

 

William Morris is one of the most influential members of the society and once can argue he is the father of the movement. Born in 1843 and died in 1896 he was a philosopher, political theorist, artist and designer.  He had also created the company Morris, Marshall, Faulkner and Co provides a wide variety of crafted 19th centaury products from furniture to wallpaper.

 

A William Morris design lounge chair recreation

A William Morris design lounge chair recreation

 

The company is still around today and is still producing items for home owners particularly clients that desire recreations of William Morris’s original products.

The arts and crafts movement saw the human time period of the middle ages as being ideal social condition. They wanted to bring back the love that a craftsman us to put into his products when making them for his clients.

Due to the net reduction of cost to produce products in mass production they were much cheaper than hand crafted products. This is something William Morris wanted to change but unfortunately his dream never came true.

It is thanks to the arts and crafts movement and all its participants that later on Gordon Russell and Ambrose Heal created a campaign to include arts and crafts principles in industrial design for better mass production.

The arts and crafts movement is made up from a number of artistic styles including Japanisme, Gothic, neo Georgian and Art Neveau.

 

The arts and crafts movement had a revival in the late 1960’s when Habitat and Liberty & Co reproduced William Morris’s designs since some of them became public domain.

My personal view of the movement is one of respect since we to this very day make use of the principles created by the arts and crafts society. As a design student I am familiar with creating things by hand and investigating mass produced items where you can truly visualise what Morris and the others wanted to explain to the public. I apply the notions to almost all my works and make sure they appeal to my target audience while being practical.

 

Bibliography:

Guy Julier, 1993. The Thames and Hudson Encyclopedia of 20th Century Design and Designers (World of Art). Edition. Thames & Hudson.
The Original Morris & Co – Arts and crafts, fabrics and wallpaper designs by William Morris & Company | Home – a premier destination for inspirational design | British/UK Fabrics and Wallpapers. 2015. The Original Morris & Co – Arts and crafts, fabrics and wallpaper designs by William Morris & Company | Home – a premier destination for inspirational design | British/UK Fabrics and Wallpapers. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.william-morris.co.uk/. [Accessed 16 February 2015].
. 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/graphic_designers/william_morris/Morris.jpg. [Accessed 16 February 2015].
. 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.williammorristile.com/morris_life/morris_chair.jpg. [Accessed 16 February 2015].
. 2015. . [ONLINE] Available at:http://file.walagata.com/w/horizoncustomhomes/Arts_and_Crafts_Furniture.JPG. [Accessed 16 February 2015].
Arts and Crafts: Design in a Nutshell (2/6) – YouTube. 2015. Arts and Crafts: Design in a Nutshell (2/6) – YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBq73yxha0o. [Accessed 16 February 2015].